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Choosing Over-the-Counter Medicines for Your Child

https://publications.aap.org/patiented/article-pdf/705921/peo_document390_en.pdf

"Over-the-counter" (OTC) means you can buy the medicine without a doctor's prescription. Talk with your child's doctor or pharmacist * before giving your child any medicine, especially the first time.

All OTC medicines have the same kind of label. The label gives important information about the medicine. It says what it is for, how to use it, what is in it, and what to watch out for. Look on the box or bottle, where it says "Drug Facts."

Check the chart on the label to see how much medicine to give. If you know your child's weight, use that first. If not, go by age. Check the label to make sure it is safe for infants and toddlers younger than 2 years. If you are not sure, ask your child's doctor.

Call the Doctor Right Away If...

...your child throws up a lot or gets a rash after taking any medicine. Even if a medicine is safe, your child may be allergic * to it.

Your child may or may not have side effects * with any drug. Be sure to tell the doctor if your child has any side effects with a medicine.

Over-the-Counter Medicines

Type of Medicine	What It's Used For	What Else You Need to Know
Antihistamine(an-tee-HIS-tuh-meen)	Helps runny nose, itchy eyes, and sneezing from allergies. Also helps with itching from bug bites, hives, or other allergic reactions.	Can make some children sleepy. Other children may become fussy, nervous, or restless.
Aspirin		Never give aspirin to your child unless your child's doctor tells you it's safe. Aspirin can cause a very serious liver disease called Reye syndrome. This is especially true when given to children with the flu or chickenpox.
Cough medicine	Helps loosen mucus and phlegm (flem) so your child can cough it up OR calms a cough.	Some cough medicines help loosen mucus. Others calm a cough. Ask your child's doctor if your child needs a cough medicine and which kind to use. Doctors don't recommend cough medicine for coughs caused by asthma.
Cold medicine	Helps runny nose, fever, and/or cough.	Cold medicines have lots of different medicines in them. They may have antihistamine (an-tee-HIS-tuh-meen), decongestant (dee-kun-JEST-int), cough medicine, and/or fever medicine all mixed together. Always check to see what's in a cold medicine before you give it. Make sure you don't give fever medicine to your child twice —once in the cold medicine and once by itself. This could lead to an overdose.
Decongestant (dee-kun-JEST-int) (liquid or pills)	May help some cold symptoms.	Children may become fussy, nervous, or restless. Check with your child's doctor before giving this medicine. Scientists are starting to think it may not help.
Decongestant (nose drops)	Can help make breathing easier.	Never give decongestant nose drops to a baby. See "Saline (saltwater) nose drops" below instead. If your child is sleeping and eating well, there's no need to treat a stuffy nose. If your older child is using them, don't give these drops for more than 2 to 3 days. The more you use them, the less they work. And symptoms can come back worse than before.
Hydrocortisone(high-druh-KOR- tuh-zohn) or cortisone cream	Treats insect bites, mild skin rashes, poison ivy, and eczema (EGG-zu-muh).	Ask the doctor how often you can put it on your child's skin. Don't put any on your child's face unless the doctor says it is OK. Never use this cream on burns, infections, cuts, or broken skin.
Pain and fever medicine	Helps fever and headaches or body aches. Also can help with pain from bumps or soreness from a shot.	Examples are acetaminophen (uh-SET-tuh-MIN-uh-fin) and ibuprofen (eye-byoo-PROH-fin). Tylenol is one brand name for acetaminophen. Advil and Motrin are brand names for ibuprofen.
Saline (saltwater) nose drops	May help if your baby is having trouble eating or sleeping because of a stuffy nose.	Put 1 to 2 drops into each side of the nose. Then use a bulb syringe to suck out the drops and mucus. Using a bulb syringe can make the nose sore, so try not to use it too often.
Stomach medicines	Treats problems like heartburn, gas, not being able to pass stool (constipation), or loose, runny stools (diarrhea).	There are different kinds of medicines, depending on what the problem is. Talk with your child's doctor before using any of them. Most of these problems go away on their own. Sometimes just changing your child's diet helps. Some stomach medicines also contain aspirin, which can harm your child. See "Aspirin" on the first page of this handout.